Relationships Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index, Food Cravings, and Mood States in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory potential of diet using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and to examine the effects of diet-induced inflammation on food craving and mood status (depression, anxiety, and stress) in individuals with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 432 women aged between 18 and 55 years. The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale was administered to all participants, and on the basis of this evaluation, the data of 214 women diagnosed with PMS were included in the study. Data were collected face-to-face via a questionnaire consisting of a sociodemographic form, the Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait Reduced, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and a 3-day dietary intake record. The DII was calculated from the data obtained from the 3-day food records. Results: The prevalence of PMS was 49.5%. Increased food craving was positively associated with increased body weight, body mass index and increased intake of energy, fat, carbohydrates, and saturated fat (p