Dimensional Control of Excitonic Interactions in Exfoliated 2D Molecular Crystals

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide unique opportunities to tailor excited-state properties through reduced dimensionality, altered dielectric screening and layer-dependent structural reconstruction. While such effects have been widely explored in norganic systems, their realization in molecular crystals has been limited by the difficulty of controlling thickness at the atomic scale while preserving crystalline order. Here we show that tetracene and three other molecular crystals can be mechanically exfoliated into mono-, few- or multilayer flakes, while retaining crystalline order. This capability enables new studies of molecular crystals across a well defined thickness range within the same structural organization. Thickness-dependent spectra of these samples reveal how out-of-plane confinement modifies the excited-state energy landscape of tetracene: With decreasing thickness, the Davydov splitting diminishes, the Stokes shift increases, and signatures of more delocalized excitons emerge. Electron diffraction and exciton model-based analyses correlate these trends to changes in molecular packing, intermolecular coupling and dielectric screening. Our results also demonstrate that key features of molecular excitons can be systematically tuned by layer number, extending dimensional control from inorganic 2D materials to molecular crystals.