From crisis response to climate-informed emergency management: Integrating nature-based solutions into risk reduction practice

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency, severity, and complexity of hazards, challenging emergency management (EM) systems that prioritize crisis response and recovery over long-term risk reduction. This paper examines how EM can incorporate climate adaptation and nature-based solutions (NBS) to strengthen hazard mitigation and resilience across the EM cycle. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature and policy frameworks, the study synthesizes evidence on ecosystem-based strategies—including wetland restoration, green infrastructure, and coastal systems—and evaluates their effectiveness in reducing the impacts of hazards. The analysis identifies persistent gaps in climate data integration, land-use policy, interagency coordination, and mitigation investment that constrain the adoption of climate-informed practices. Findings indicate that integrating climate projections, NBS, and cross-sector governance into EM planning reduces disaster losses and improves community resilience. The paper proposes a Climate Adaptation Governance Framework to support implementation by aligning science, policy, finance, and community engagement. Results suggest that emergency managers should expand their role beyond operational crisis response to include climate-informed risk reduction, adaptation planning, and resilience governance.