Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights in the Context of Globalization. Challenges and European Regulations in Romania

Abstract

Artificial intelligence in public administration, education and other sensitive areas raises essential questions about fairness, transparency and the protection of fundamental rights. The article addresses a central question: how can AI be regulated in a way that respects human dignity and protects fundamental rights? Starting from the European framework, with a focus on the AI Act and its human-centric approach to AI governance, the article provides a critical analysis of how these requirements are reflected in national realities. The Romanian case study highlights the gap between regulatory ambitions and concrete implementation: from digital justice and public administration to the education system where algorithms are present without a real public debate. Issues including the need for ethical audit mechanisms, the scope of citizen involvement and systemic risks for vulnerable groups are discussed from an interdisciplinary and applied perspective. The article proposes several solutions to strengthen the democratic framework of AI: establishing real forms of public participation, developing tailored control and monitoring tools, and recognizing the role of universities in promoting an ethical culture of digitalization. Through its critical but constructive tone, the article not only assesses existing regulations, but also provides a direction for the future – one in which technology serves people rather than replacing human judgment. Keywords: artificial intelligence; globalization; AI Act; algorithmic discrimination; data protection