Psychometric Evaluation of the Elementary School Student’s Percevied Teacher Trust Behavior Scale

Abstract

Students' perceptions of trust behaviors are associated with learning engagement, academic motivation, and positive classroom behavior. The availability of evidence on psychometric quality and structural stability of this scale in a wide range of samples is limited. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of PTTBS in elementary school students. A quantitative cross- sectional design was employed involving 340 participants. Data were collected using PTTBS, which comprises four dimensions: emotional support, moral recognition, academic support, and competence recognition. Psychometric evaluation was carried out by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using SmartPLS 4. The findings supported the four-dimensional structure of this instrument. In addition, the results show satisfactory reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, as well as model fit, indicating that the items maintained adequately represent each construct. These results suggest that PTTBS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring elementary school students’ perceptions of teacher trust behavior. This research strengthens the construction of PTTBS in the context of elementary schools in Indonesia and makes an empirical contribution to the use of PTTBS in educational research.