Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Carbon Monoxide and Gas Leakage Detection System for Residential Safety Using ESP32

Abstract

Carbon monoxide (CO) and combustible gasleaks represent significant hazards in residential environments,often leading to severe health consequences and fatal accidentsdue to their colorless and odorless nature. Recent incidentshave highlighted the urgent need for reliable, real-timemonitoring systems capable of early hazard detection andrapid response.This paper presents the design and implementation of anInternet of Things (IoT)-based smart safety system fordetecting carbon monoxide, combustible gas leakage, andabnormal temperature conditions using the ESP32microcontroller. The proposed system integrates multiplesensors, including a ZE03 electrochemical CO sensor, an MQ-7gas sensor, and a DS18B20 temperature sensor, to ensureaccurate and reliable environmental monitoring.The system continuously acquires real-time data andprocesses it locally, enabling immediate detection of hazardousconditions. In critical situations, the system automaticallyactivates safety mechanisms such as audible alarms and gasshutoff via a solenoid valve. Additionally, wirelesscommunication capabilities allow real-time monitoring andalert notifications through a mobile interface.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed systemachieves fast response time, high detection accuracy, andimproved reliability compared to traditional single-sensorapproaches, while significantly reducing false alarms. Thesystem offers a cost-effective, scalable, and efficient solution forenhancing residential safety and preventing gas-relatedaccidents.