Artificial Intelligence in Language Learning: A Systematic Literature Review of Pedagogical Integration, User Acceptance, Assessment Challenges
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly transformed language learning by introducing innovative tools and applications that support personalized learning, communication, assessment, and academic writing. Despite the growing body of research on AI-enhanced language education, studies remain fragmented across pedagogical, psychological, and assessment-related perspectives. Therefore, this study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) examining the current state of AI in language learning, focusing on pedagogical integration, user acceptance, and assessment challenges in higher education. Guided by the PRISMA framework, relevant studies published between 2021 and 2026 were identified from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. A total of 24 eligible journal articles were selected and analyzed. The findings revealed three major themes. First, AI pedagogical integration demonstrated significant potential to enhance language acquisition, writing development, speaking proficiency, learner engagement, and personalized learning through tools such as ChatGPT, conversational AI, chatbots, and speech recognition systems. Second, studies on AI acceptance highlighted the importance of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitudes, and motivation in influencing learners’ and educators’ willingness to adopt AI technologies. Third, AI assessment challenges underscored concerns related to academic integrity, assessment validity, ethical use, overreliance on AI-generated content, and the evolving role of educators in AI-mediated learning environments. The review concludes that while AI offers substantial opportunities for improving language learning and academic writing, its sustainable implementation requires careful pedagogical design, ethical governance, and assessment reform. The findings provide valuable implications for educators, researchers, policymakers, and higher education institutions seeking to integrate AI effectively into language education