The Role of Quantum Microservice Architectures in Overcoming Hardware Limitations in the NISQ Era

Abstract

Quantum computing currently functions not as standalone systems, but rather as auxiliary accelerators dependent on classical processors. This situation has led to the emergence of Classical-Quantum Hybrid architecture, which necessitates the integration of classical software with quantum algorithms. However, monolithic structures, frequently preferred in traditional software engineering, create significant bottlenecks in this integration due to the high waiting times, hardwarespecific dependencies, and high error rates of quantum hardware. In this study, traditional monolithic software structures and microservice architectures are comparatively examined in the integration of quantum computing into industrial and academic applications. The theoretical and operational advantages of microservice architecture, which abstracts quantum operations from classical systems and forms the basis of the Quantumas-a-Service (QaaS) concept over asynchronous communication networks, are demonstrated. It is shown that this architectural transformation is a fundamental requirement for migrating quantum software from script-based isolated experiments to enterprise-scale production environments and for establishing scalable hybrid systems.