Ferroionic Electrostatic Landscapes Enabling Wireless Energy Harvesting, Storage, and Sensing

Abstract

Controlling electrostatic potential landscapes at the mesoscale is essential for the advancement of adaptive electronic systems. In edge‐gated electrostatic geometries based on ferroionic Li 2.99 B a0.005 OCl films, directional spillover fields and polaron pinning effects generate structured, air‐side electrostatic gradients across centimeter‐scale gaps. A combination of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), micrometer‐resolution scanning Kelvin probe (µm‐SKP) analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and temperature‐dependent transport measurements, supported by numerical solutions of the Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) equations, shows dynamic coupling between surface polarization and mobile charge carriers. Apparent surface mobilities in the range of 300–500 cm 2 V −1 s −1 are observed under non‐equilibrium polarization conditions, accompanied by negative static resistance (NSR) and field‐induced carrier asymmetry. These results point to topologically guided conduction paths constrained by interface geometry and electrostatic boundary conditions. Such phenomena enable programmable capacitance zoning and field shaping, with implications for the design of solid‐state transistors and batteries, neuromorphic elements, energy harvesters, and high‐sensitivity sensing platforms.