Association of the FTO rs9939609 variant with glycemic control based on fasting glucose.

The association between obesity indices and hypertension in adults with different glycemic status

Obesity and hypertension (HTN) frequently coexist with dysglycemia, yet it remains unclear whether general (BMI) versus central (waist circumference, WC) obesity indices show differential associations with HTN across normoglycemic, prediabetic, and diabetic states. This population-based study aimed to assess this relationship among adults aged 35 to 70 from the Bandare-Kong cohort. HTN was determined based on systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg, or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication. Obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 or WC ≥102 cm in men and WC ≥88 cm in women. Participants were stratified as normoglycemic (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] < 100 mg/dL), prediabetic (FPG 100–125 mg/dL), or diabetic (self-reported diabetes or FPG ≥126 mg/dL). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of 3916 participants (mean age 48.3 years; 42.8% male), 60.1% were normoglycemic. Multivariable analysis indicated that among diabetic individuals, high WC alone (aOR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.18–5.60, P < .01) and combined obesity (aOR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.77–5.39, P < .01) were associated with higher odds of HTN. The high-BMI-only category among diabetic participants was not interpreted inferentially because it contained only 2 normotensive individuals, resulting in an unstable estimate. In the prediabetic group, participants with combined obesity had the highest odds of HTN (odds ratio = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.58–4.15, P < .01), followed by those with high WC alone (odds ratio = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.21–3.27, P < .01). Among normoglycemic individuals, combined obesity was associated with higher odds of HTN (aOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 2.01–3.44, P < .01), followed by high WC alone (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.10–1.86, P < .01). Central obesity, either alone or combined with general obesity, was consistently associated with higher odds of HTN across glycemic strata. These findings support the importance of WC-based obesity assessment in HTN risk evaluation. Longitudinal studies with adequately sized diabetic subgroups are needed to confirm these associations and establish temporality.

Association of the OLR1 rs11053646 Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Saudi Adults.

OLR1 rs11053646 SNP does not appear to be associated with T2D risk in Saudi adults, and small sample size may have limited statistical power to detect potential associations.

Insulin resistance mediates associations of weight gain with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia in Chinese population.

BACKGROUND Studies on the association between weight change and serum uric acid (SUA) or hyperuricemia (HUA) remain limited, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationships between weight change and SUA or HUA among Chinese adults, and to assess the mediating role of insulin resistance (IR). METHODS We analyzed data from participants who underwent at least two annual health examinations between January 2015 and May 2025. Weight change (%) was calculated as (follow-up value - baseline value)/baseline value. Generalized linear models and logistic regression were used to examine the associations of weight change with SUA and HUA, while mediation analysis was applied to evaluate the mediating effects of IR indices. RESULTS A total of 16,688 eligible participants was included, with 15.0% having HUA. The median follow-up duration was 2.00 (1.00, 4.00) years. Each 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in weight change was associated with a 10.48 μmol/L increase in SUA, and a 30.0% higher risk of HUA. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) were positively linearly associated with SUA and HUA. All four IR indices partially mediated the associations of weight change with SUA levels and HUA risk. Compared with individuals with stable weight, the weight loss group was associated with a significantly lower HUA risk, while the weight gain group had a 78% higher HUA risk. CONCLUSIONS Weight gain was associated with the elevated SUA levels and increased HUA risk, and insulin resistance may be one of the underlying mechanisms.

TyG index is associated with microalbuminuria in a large population-based study: independent and exploratory interaction analyses

Background Insulin resistance surrogates are associated with microalbuminuria; however, population-scale evidence for the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index remains scarce. We examined the cross-sectional association between TyG index and microalbuminuria in a large Chinese cohort and explored whether diabetes modifies this link. Methods We analyzed 33,416 adults from eight regional centers. Microalbuminuria was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) per 1-unit TyG increase and the potential nonlinear relationship between TyG index and microalbuminuria risk. The effects of diabetes and other factors were tested using interaction terms. Results The mean age was 57.7 ± 9.3 years, and the microalbuminuria prevalence was 14.5%. TyG index was independently associated with microalbuminuria after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, waist, hip circumference, blood pressure, lipids, liver function indices, sleep variables, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking, alcohol, and diabetes (OR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–1.36; P < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a linear association between TyG index and the odds of microalbuminuria (P for overall association < 0.001; P for non-linearity = 0.187). The association was present in participants with (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.32–1.60) and without diabetes (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04–1.23). The interaction with diabetes status was significant (P < 0.001; false discovery rate-corrected P = 0.008), indicating a stronger association in patients with diabetes. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the main findings. Conclusions The TyG index was linearly associated with microalbuminuria. This association was observed in patients with and without diabetes, with a stronger estimated effect among those with diabetes. TyG may serve as a simple, readily available marker for identifying individuals with higher odds of microalbuminuria across glycemic status; however, longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporal relationships.

Improving cognition through lifestyle-induced remission of type 2 diabetes: findings from DIABEPIC-2.

Residual β-cell function is associated with continuous glucose monitoring metrics in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Residual β-cell function is independently associated with improved CGM-derived metrics (increased TIR, decreased TAR, and lower MG) in both classic T1DM and LADA, highlighting the importance of protecting residual β-cell function to achieve glycemic stability and reduce exogenous insulin dependence in T1DM.