Theoretical foundations of staff motivation and the influence of motivational factors on the professional activities of pharmaceutical workers
Abstract
Introduction. The pharmaceutical labor market is undergoing an active transformation today. Staff shortages are projected to exceed the 30% threshold by 2026, which poses a challenge for the entire industry. The shortage of qualified personnel at the pharmaceutical activity level exacerbates the range of issues in the field of personnel management in the context of the increased role of the employee's personality, taking into account the impact of a variety of psychological, economic, social and cultural factors. Objective. To evaluate classical and modern approaches to staff motivation in relation to the current conditions of pharmaceutical activity. Material and methods. The research is based on the methodology of a systematic literature review. The sources are fundamental and modern scientific publications from the databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, eLibrary.ru and CyberLeninka, dedicated to motivation theories and research on motivation of pharmaceutical workers. Results. Eleven basic concepts of motivation have been identified that take into account both substantive aspects (Maslow hierarchy of needs, Herzberg two-factor theory, McClelland theory of acquired needs, ERG Alderfer theory, McGregor concept of X, Y and Z) and procedural components (Vroom theory of expectations, Adams theory of justice, Porter-Lawler model). Modern behavioral approaches are analyzed, including the theory of DISC typology, the Gerchikov model, and KPI motivation. Empirical studies have revealed motivation factors specific to pharmacy: the leveling of conflicts of interest, the availability of an effective system of continuing education, as well as the need for an optimal combination of material incentives and non-material motives. Conclusion. The present study has proved the need to apply an integrative approach to the motivation of pharmaceutical workers, synthesizing classical and modern theories. The industry specifics are revealed, manifested in the dualism of professional and commercial values of the staff. The key determinants of effective motivation are identified, including a balanced combination of internal and external factors.