Can organic farming vis-à-vis natural farming sustain sugarcane yield in India?

Abstract

The application of modern technologies in sugarcane agriculture has brought forth improvements in cane yield and sugar recovery. Sugarcane is a vegetatively propagated crop that responds well to organic sources of manure and fertiliser. In this series, multiple technologies, including planting methods, nutrient management (utilising organic sources of nutrients, bio-fertilisers, recycling of crop residues, and agro-industrial wastes), intercropping grain legumes with sugarcane, and biological control of insect pests, among others, significantly contribute to improving sugarcane yield besides protecting the soil-water-environment relationship. Integrating these technologies will definitely play a significant role in maximising sugarcane yields at the field level. Beyond production, we can ascertain that the future of organic sugarcane farming lies in improving economic viability and scalability. Studies on comparative yield, quality, and profitability between organic and conventional systems are vital, alongside research on value addition, market linkages, and certification mechanisms. Mechanisation suited to organic systems, including low-disturbance planters and residue management tools, will enhance labour efficiency. Thus, organic and natural farming (Zero Budget Natural Farming) can sustain sugarcane production in India under appropriate conditions. In organic farming systems, several researchers have reported higher yields (15-20%) and improvements in soil physical, chemical, and biological conditions. However, maintenance of soil organic carbon (>0.60%) is required for better yield response for a longer period. Natural farming is still at the testing stage, and no scientific reports in a sugarcane-based system are available. Although short-term yield penalties are common, they are often offset by cost savings and potential price premiums. Long-term soil and ecosystem benefits increase resilience and may close the yield gap over time. Countrywide scalability requires region-specific strategies rather than one-size-fits-all prescriptions. Key words: Beejamrit, Bioagents, Green manuring, Organic farming, Sugarcane