Characterisation of an emerging new genotype of Tobacco etch virus in hot peppers (Capsicum chinense) in Trinidad, WI

Abstract

Abstract Viral diseases pose a major threat to hot pepper cultivation, yet the genomic characteristics of key viruses remain understudied. This study investigated the incidence, genetic diversity, and transmission potential of Tobacco etch virus (TEV) in symptomatic hot pepper plants across Trinidad. The near-complete genome of TEV was characterised and phylogenetic analyses showed TEV Trinidad isolates (TEV-TRINI) having 6.4–7.0% nucleotide variation with close relatives from the USA and China. Genetic variability was observed in P1, coat protein, NIb, and HC-Pro. These genetic variations could suggest that the isolates putatively represent a distinct genotype. Transmission studies confirmed TEV-TRINI could be spread through seeds, mechanical means, and aphid vectors. RT-qPCR analyses showed significant variations in viral quantities across the plant growth stages. These findings highlight the genetic uniqueness of TEV-TRINI, emphasising future surveillance, seed health protocols, and management strategies for hot pepper cultivation.