Designing A Board Game For Early Detection Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms Among Kindergarten Students At Eka Dharma Surabaya

Abstract

ADHD in early childhood should be recognized early because it may affect attention, behavioral control, social interaction, and learning readiness. Method: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Eka Dharma Kindergarten Surabaya in January-February 2025 involving 30 students with parental consent. Children completed a cut-and-paste board game, their behavior was observed using a companion table modified from GPPH, and teachers completed the SNAP-IV. Data were analyzed descriptively and tested using Chi-square/Fisher Exact Test. Result and Discussion: Board game results were mostly moderate (70.0%), followed by high (26.7%) and low (3.3%). Board game results were significantly associated with inattention (p=0.033) and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms (p=0.033), but not with oppositional/defiant symptoms (p=0.117). Conclusion: The Board Game Companion (GPPH) may serve as an initial ADHD screening medium for inattention and hyperactive/impulsive domains, but further validation is required.