Pengaruh NPM, DER, dan TATO terhadap ROA pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Energi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2022-2024

Abstract

This study addresses the inconsistent findings reported in previous studies regarding the influence of financial performance indicators on corporate profitability, particularly within Indonesia's energy subsector. The research aims to examine the effects of Net Profit Margin (NPM), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Total Asset Turnover (TATO) on Return on Assets (ROA) of energy subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2022–2024. This study employed a quantitative associative approach using secondary data obtained from annual financial reports. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select 12 companies, resulting in 36 firm-year observations. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression supported by classical assumption tests and hypothesis testing with IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings indicate that NPM, DER, and TATO simultaneously have a significant effect on ROA. Partially, NPM and TATO positively and significantly influence ROA, while DER does not have a significant effect. These findings suggest that profitability and asset utilization efficiency play a more important role in improving corporate financial performance than capital structure within the Indonesian energy subsector. The results provide empirical evidence that may assist managers and investors in evaluating factors affecting company profitability.