Artificial Intelligence and the Transformation of Government Leadership: A Qualitative Inquiry into UAE Government Institutions

Abstract

This study examines artificial intelligence and the transformation of government leadership within UAE government institutions, focusing on how the integration of AI is reshaping leadership roles, organisational practices and institutional responsibilities. While artificial intelligence has become an increasingly important component of the UAE's digital government transformation, existing literature has largely concentrated on technological adoption, organisational performance and digital transformation, with comparatively limited attention to how AI is changing the nature and practice of government leadership. This study addresses this gap by examining the changing nature of leadership in AI-enabled government, the relationship between AI, organisational transformation and institutional change, and the emerging leadership challenges associated with AI-driven government transformation in the UAE. An exploratory qualitative research design was adopted, drawing on relevant academic literature, policy documents, official government publications and other documentary sources. The collected materials were subjected to thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and themes concerning AI-enabled leadership and organisational transformation. The findings indicate that AI is transforming government leadership from predominantly hierarchical and managerial practices towards greater technological awareness, coordination, adaptability and responsible oversight. The study further finds that AI adoption influences organisational routines, structures, professional responsibilities and institutional practices, while creating emerging challenges relating to accountability, trust, ethical responsibility, technological dependence and the changing boundaries of human leadership. Consequently, the study contributes to the understanding of AI-enabled government leadership by demonstrating that effective transformation requires the integration of technological capabilities with human judgement, organisational adaptability and institutional responsibility. The study recommends strengthening leadership capabilities, institutional readiness and responsible governance mechanisms to ensure that AI-driven government transformation remains aligned with accountability, legitimacy and human responsibility.