Analysis of Genetic Diversity among a Collection of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata duch. Ex. Poir) Genotypes

Abstract

In the summer of 2023, twenty-two pumpkin genotypes were evaluated for nineteen qualitative and morphological characters. Statistically significant differences were recorded for all traits studied, pointing to the presence of rich genetic variability. In most cases, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), reflecting environmental influence along with genetic control. The highest PCV and GCV values were obtained for number of fruits per vine, vine length, average fruit weight and vitamin-C. These traits also expressed high heritability coupled with genetic advance, suggesting their reliability for effective selection. Correlation studies indicated that fruit yield was positively and significantly related to average fruit weight and number of fruits per vine. Results of path analysis further confirmed the direct significant influence of vine length, fruit weight and fruit number on yield. Based on cluster analysis, the genotypes were grouped into three distinct clusters, Cluster I having twelve accessions, Cluster II nine, while Cluster III was represented by a single genotype. The largest intra-cluster distance was in Cluster II, whereas the maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between Clusters II and III. Cultivar VNR 14 among the assembled genotypes stood out for its early flowering and fruit set, higher fruit yield and superior TSS. This genotype can be utilized as a promising parent in future breeding programs to exploit heterotic potential and develop improved cultivars.