Artificial Intelligence in Economic Policy of Post-Soviet Countries: Opportunities and Limitations

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential and limitations of applying artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the economic policy of post-Soviet countries from 2019 to 2025. The author examines AI as a strategic tool for macroeconomic regulation capable of optimizing fiscal administration, forecasting and risk management. The study examines the transition of post-Soviet economies from fragmented digitalization to systemic strategic planning enshrined in national AI development concepts and strategies. Particular attention is paid to practical cases of technology implementation in the public sector and finance, as well as the impact of AI on increasing tax collection and business processes’ transformation.The study identified significant barriers hindering the realization of the region’s technological potential: a shortage of skilled personnel, an infrastructure gap between the centers and the periphery, and technological dependence on imported components and equipment. It is proved that the introduction of AI leads to employment polarization and the risk of increasing structural unemployment in sectors with a predominance of routine labor. The author concludes that a comprehensive approach is needed, combining investments in sovereign data infrastructure with human capital development and improved regulatory frameworks. The study’s findings can be used to complement and refine national digital development policies and minimize the social risks of automation.