Germinación y propagación de agaves mezcaleros de Oaxaca: Requerimientos eco-fisiológicos y parámetros para el control ambiental

Abstract

This article presents a literature review on the use of alternative germination and propagation methods for agave, as well as the main species used in mezcal production in the state of Oaxaca. The NOM-070-SCFI-2016 standard establishes the authenticity criteria for the categories and classes permitted in mezcal production. It is essential to start from this standard because, among the wide variety of existing agaves, between 9 and 14 botanical species are used for mezcal production in the state of Oaxaca, each having specific ecophysiological requirements and environmental control parameters for its proper development. The increase in natural disasters is causing irreversible losses in open-field crops; this highlights the need for cultivation alternatives that secure yields and thereby satisfy the required volume of raw material for the consumer market. This study presents not only current germination methods for mezcal agave, but also the extraction, healing (callusing), rooting, and acclimatization protocols for basal/rhizome offshoots. The information obtained was from the Latindex, SciELO, Elsevier / ScienceDirect, Scopus, Taylor & Francis Online, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, and MDPI databases, regulatory support. This paper used the PRISMA methodology to select a primary corpus of 3 references; additionally, 1 regulatory support source, 6 technical support sources, and 14 contextual background sources were integrated, resulting in a total of 24 references of taxonomic, physiological, regulatory, and productive context. Understanding them will serve as the foundation for designing real-time monitoring and control systems for purpose-specific germinators in future projects.