Resveratrol and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (narrative review)
Abstract
The pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) largely stems from an imbalance in the functioning of the interconnected axis “oxidative stress (OS) — low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI)”. A synergistic approach to the regulation of OS and LGCI in T2DM using secondary metabolites of plant origin demonstrates significant advantages over traditional chemically synthesized drugs. Bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, realize a multilevel regulatory potential due to synergistic effects. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, is of considerable interest due to its diverse biological activity, which includes anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and geroprotective activity and several other properties. Resveratrol modulates critical signaling pathways, such as sirtuin 1 activation, which contributes to the attenuation of OS, LGCI, regulation of apoptosis, and stimulation of autophagy. The review summarizes the current data on the molecular mechanisms, therapeutic efficacy, and safety profile of resveratrol in T2DM, with an emphasis on the results of studies conducted in recent years. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential of resveratrol in T2DM, CVD, and neurological diseases. This review emphasizes the therapeutic versatility of resveratrol and at the same time calls for careful pharmacokinetic optimization, standardized dosing protocols, and large-scale randomized controlled trials to confirm the efficacy and safety of resveratrol in T2DM. The main objective of the review is to analyze the importance of resveratrol in the treatment of CVD in patients T2DM. In addition, current trends are discussed, and promising areas for future research in this area are outlined. The search was conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect (from Elsevier), and PubMed, including MEDLINE databases. The keywords used were “resveratrol”, “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “cardiovascular disease”. To identify research results that could not be found during the online search, a manual search of the bibliography of publications was used.