Implementation Challenges and Enablers of Wearable Health Technologies in Physiotherapy Among English-Speaking Participants in India: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Introduction: Wearable medical devices are increasingly integrated in physiotherapy to enable exercise optimisation, remote monitoring of therapy progress, and tailoring of treatment plans based on individual needs. However, their current utilisation in clinical practice in India remains limited and at an early stage, as physiotherapy largely remains a manual skill-based profession in which hands-on techniques often supersede wearable devices. This study aimed to identify the potential facilitators and barriers to the adoption of these devices. Methodology: A questionnaire with a mix of open-ended and closed-ended questions was developed to survey actively practicing clinical physiotherapists. It was developed in English, the standard language used by most physiotherapists in India and disseminated to potential participants via social media platforms. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. A total of 62 participants completed the survey. Results: Wearable medical devices have substantial potential to improve patient care when incorporated into clinical physiotherapy practice, but time restrictions, lack of training, limited market access, concerns about data privacy and reliability, and the high cost of these devices were identified as major barriers to widespread adoption. Addressing existing barriers is regarded to be essential to facilitate effective implementation. Conclusion: Continuous advancements and adequate implementation strategies are recommended for wearable medical devices to develop their potential to revolutionise physiotherapy practice in India by making it more efficient, personalised, and outcome-driven.  Keywords: Wearable technology, physiotherapy, medical devices, remote monitoring, digital health