NURSES' AWARENESS, PERCEPTIONS, AND EXPERIENCES WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN NURSING PRACTICE: A STUDY IN SELECTED HEALTH INSTITUTIONS IN KWARA STATE

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare globally, with applications in nursing ranging from predictive analytics for patient risk assessment to automated documentation and virtual assistants for patient education. However, in resource-limited settings like Nigeria, particularly in Kwara State, the integration of AI into nursing practice remains underexplored. Nurses, as frontline healthcare providers, are pivotal in adopting these technologies, yet factors such as awareness levels, perceptions of benefits and risks, and practical experiences can influence successful implementation. This study addresses the knowledge gap by investigating these aspects among nurses in selected tertiary institutions in Ilorin, Kwara State. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted from August to September 2025, targeting 150 registered nurses (50 each from University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital [UITH], Kwara State University Teaching Hospital [KWASUTH], and Sobi Specialist Hospital). Participants were selected via convenience sampling, ensuring representation across demographics like age, gender, experience, and education. Data were collected using a validated online questionnaire administered through Google Forms, comprising sections on demographics, AI awareness (10-item knowledge scale), perceptions (5-point Likert scale on benefits, challenges, and attitudes), and experiences (open-ended questions on usage). The instrument's reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 for descriptive statistics (means, frequencies) and inferential tests (chi-square for associations), while qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutions' review boards, with informed consent ensured. Results: The sample was predominantly female (62%), with a mean age of 38.4 years (SD = 7.2) and varying experience: <5 years (28%), 5-10 years (42%), >10 years (30%). Education levels included diploma (45%), bachelor's (40%), and master's (15%). Awareness of AI was moderate (mean score: 5.2/10), with 45% familiar with AI concepts in healthcare, but only 32% able to identify specific tools like AI-enhanced electronic health records or diagnostic algorithms. Perceptions were generally positive, with 62% agreeing AI improves efficiency in patient monitoring and diagnostics, and 55% viewing it as beneficial for overall care quality. However, concerns were notable: 48% feared job displacement, 52% worried about data privacy, and 40% highlighted ethical dilemmas such as reduced human interaction. Experience with AI was limited, with only 28% reporting usage (e.g., mobile apps for vital signs tracking or AI chatbots). Thematic analysis revealed barriers like "inadequate infrastructure" (mentioned in 45 responses) and "lack of training" (32 responses), alongside enablers such as "potential for workload reduction." Significant associations included higher awareness among younger nurses (p < 0.05) and positive perceptions linked to advanced education (chi-square = 12.4, p = 0.01). Discussion: These findings align with global trends showing moderate AI readiness among nurses, but underscore Nigeria-specific challenges like digital literacy gaps and infrastructural limitations. Compared to studies on Nigerian nursing students, practicing nurses exhibit similar awareness levels but more pragmatic concerns about implementation. The results suggest that while optimism exists, targeted interventions are needed to bridge gaps. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential for AI to enhance nursing in Kwara State but emphasizes the necessity for education and policy support. Recommendations include incorporating AI modules into continuing professional development, investing in hospital infrastructure, and conducting longitudinal studies on AI adoption impacts. By fostering awareness and addressing perceptions, Nigeria can better leverage AI for improved healthcare outcomes.