Successful Aging and Its Related Factors Among Older Adults: A Comparative Analysis of Baby Boomers and Preceding Generations

Abstract

Purpose: Korea’s older adults comprise distinct birth cohorts with different social, economic, and cultural experiences. We compared successful aging between baby boomers (65-69 years) and the preceding generation (≥70 years) and examined SDH-based correlates across generations. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of the 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans (N=9,951). Successful aging was defined as meeting all three Rowe and Kahn domains: avoidance of disease/disability, maintenance of physical and mental function, and continued engagement with life. Predictors were organized within an SDH framework (socio-demographic/economic status, health behaviors and healthcare utilization, and social capital/community environment). Weighted estimates and generation-stratified multivariable logistic regression were performed; SDH × generation interactions were tested. Results: Successful aging prevalence was 22.4% overall and higher among baby boomers than the preceding generation (37.3% vs 14.4%). In adjusted models, higher household income and stronger social support networks were associated with higher odds of successful aging in both generations, whereas no health check-up in the past two years was associated with lower odds. Education and absence of a spouse/partner were more strongly related to successful aging in the preceding generation, while cognitive function check-up was positively associated among baby boomers. Interaction tests did not show consistent generational differences for all predictors after full adjustment. Conclusion: Successful aging in Korea differs markedly by generation and is shaped by SDH across the life course. Generation-sensitive strategies to strengthen late-life economic security, promote preventive care use, and enhance social capital and participation may reduce inequalities.