From Surface Steps to Rational Strategies: A Critical Review of Catalyst Design for Carbon Dioxide Dry Reforming of Methane

Abstract

The carbon dioxide dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising technology for achieving carbon neutrality via the simultaneous conversion of two greenhouse gases (CH 4 and CO 2 ) into high‐value syngas. However, its industrial implementation is severely hindered by its highly endothermic nature and the rapid catalyst deactivation originating from metal sintering and carbon deposition. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of DRM technology, linking fundamental surface steps to advanced catalyst design strategies. It begins by clarifying the inherent thermodynamic and kinetic constraints, detailing the reactant activation, and uncovering the essence of catalyst deactivation. The design strategies for synthesizing durable and cost‐effective DRM catalysts are categorized into two dimensions: active site engineering (e.g., particle downsizing, bimetallic alloying, and promoter incorporation) and functional support modulation (e.g., acidity–basicity adjustment, oxygen vacancy generation, and multi‐functional confinement). Finally, this review proposes a multi‐dimensional roadmap for future commercialization. We emphasize the integration of data‐driven machine learning (ML), energy‐assisted catalysis, macroscopic process intensification, and techno‐economic analyses. This holistic perspective aims to bridge the gap between laboratory‐scale concepts and industrial feasibility, positioning DRM as a cornerstone technology of the sustainable chemical industry.