Analysis of gender discrimination in the academic environment: frequency, forms and student perspectives

Abstract

This study examines the prevalence and impact of gender discrimination among medical students at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. As a pathway to highly demanding professions, medical education often exposes students to hierarchical structures and intense social interactions where discriminatory behaviors may flourish. This research aims to illuminate the systemic challenges that undermine equity in medical training and practice by exploring the frequency, nature, and consequences of such incidents. A total of 209 medical students from years 2–6 participated in an anonymous survey examining the prevalence of discrimination and harassment in the academic environment. Statistical analysis was then performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric variables. According to the results of this study, women are significantly more likely than men to experience gender-based discrimination, with the disparity being most pronounced in the early years of study and decreasing over time, suggesting that prolonged exposure normalizes such experiences for both genders. Men are more often perpetrators when holding positions of power, whereas, among peers, women engage in discriminatory behavior at similar rates. The academic environment facilitates discrimination, with incidents occurring more frequently during classes than in informal settings, particularly in places where academic activities are most frequent. Both men and women perceive discrimination as detrimental to career development and mental health.