Mapping the Spatial Distribution and Extent of Land Use of Benue State University, Makurdi Main Campus, Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the spatial distribution and extent of land use types within Benue State University (BSU), Makurdi Main Campus, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Satellite imagery obtained from the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) was processed and analyzed in ArcGIS 10.8. Land use classification was achieved through on-screen digitization supported by intensive field survey and ground-truthing. The results reveal a heterogeneous land use structure with a total mapped area of 166.69 hectares. Agricultural land use dominates with 20.35%, followed by residential (15.24%) and forest cover (12.29%). Environmentally sensitive land uses, including forestry, green areas, and marshlands, collectively account for 29.18% of the total mapped area, indicating significant ecological value. Institutional land uses (administrative, educational, and religious) account for 15.50%, while commercial and mixed uses constitute 9.29%. The findings highlight a semi-urban institutional landscape undergoing gradual transformation, with increasing development pressures. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of GIS in land use planning and recommends sustainable land management strategies to balance development with environmental conservation.