EP 717 Humanising the Machine: A Theoretical Framework for Enhancing Communication in the Surgical Metaverse

Abstract

The surgical metaverse is rapidly transforming surgical education through immersive technologies such as virtual reality and artificial intelligence. Despite its technical advantages, concerns persist regarding depersonalisation, reduced clinical judgement, and weakened human-centred communication. To propose a theory-informed framework that preserves empathy, critical reflection, and professional identity within AI-driven surgical learning environments. A conceptual framework was developed by integrating established educational theories into four intervention layers: dimensional and experiential learning; social-constructivist and activity-based learning; individualised and developmental learning; and critical-ethical perspectives. These layers were applied to guide the design of AI communication within immersive surgical training systems. The framework redefines AI as a reflective learning partner rather than a dominant instructor. It supports cognitive, emotional, and social development; fosters communities of practice; personalises learning trajectories; and promotes ethical awareness, autonomy, and equity in training environments. Embedding theory-driven communication into the surgical metaverse enables a shift from technology-centred simulation to a human-centred educational ecosystem. This approach enhances engagement, preserves professional identity, and supports safe, ethical, and equitable surgical education, providing a structured foundation for future development and evaluation of immersive AI-supported training platforms.