A Tariff-Aware Hybrid Home Energy Eco-Management System for PV–BESS–EV Integration with Bidirectional Charging, Grid Support, and Battery Health Constraints

Abstract

This paper presents a tariff-aware Hybrid Home Energy Eco-Management System (HEEMS) for coordinated operation of Photovoltaic (PV), battery energy storage systems (BESS) and Electric Vehicles (EVs). The proposed framework enables bidirectional EV interaction through Grid to Vehicle (G2V), Vehicle to Home (V2H) and Vehicle to Grid (V2G) modes while accounting for State of Charge (SOC) limits, C-rate constraints, EV mobility requirements, Time-of-Use (ToU) tariffs, and grid-support conditions. A mathematical model is developed to capture power balance, scheduling decisions, battery dynamics, and grid constraints in a degradation-aware operation. The simulation results demonstrate effective peak reduction, improved resilience under PV intermittency, valley filling, and enhanced bidirectional grid interaction. In addition, coordinated EV–BESS operation improves system autonomy while maintaining battery health. In general, the proposed HEEMS provides a practical and efficient energy management solution for smart residential systems.