Optimal design of PV/wind/BESS/hydrogen hybrid system for commercial building

Abstract

This study evaluates the techno-economic performance of a hybrid renewable energy system integrating photovoltaic generation, wind power, modified kinetic battery storage, and hydrogen storage under different battery degradation limits. An energy management strategy based on Pinch Analysis is employed and validated using HOMER Pro to assess system reliability and economic performance. The results demonstrate a strong complementarity between photovoltaic and wind generation, with photovoltaic energy supplying approximately 83.7% of the annual renewable energy production and wind energy contributing the remaining 16.3%. For the hybrid system without hydrogen storage, improving system reliability by reducing the loss of power supply probability from 4.07% to 1.13% increases the excess power supply probability from 38.75% to 45.56%, while the levelized cost of energy rises slightly from 0.173 to 0.185 €/kWh. The integration of hydrogen storage significantly reduces the excess power supply probability while maintaining a comparable loss of power supply probability. Furthermore, increasing the battery degradation limit from 10% to 20% has only a marginal impact on system reliability and excess energy, whereas the levelized cost of energy remains unchanged, confirming the robustness and economic viability of the proposed hybrid renewable energy system.