Iot-Based Carbon Footprint Monitoring and Reduction Platform for Urban Homes

Abstract

This project presents the design and development of an IoT-Based Carbon Footprint Monitoring and Reduction Platform system, which aims to help households monitor their energy consumption in real time and understand the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from their daily electricity usage. The system uses an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with a PZEM-004T energy monitoring sensor to measure voltage, current, power, and energy. The data are transmitted through the ESP32’s built-in Wi-Fito a web-based dashboard, where users can view their real-time energy usage and estimated carbon footprint. The relay module allows remote switching of household appliances, helping users reduce unnecessary energy consumption. Testing was carried out using a 100 W incandescent bulb and a LED bulb connected simultaneously. Results showed accurate measurements with less than 3% error and a fast response time (below 2 seconds). The system successfully calculated CO2 emissions using an emission factor of 0.508 kg CO2/kWh. The project demonstrates that affordable IoT technology can provide reliable and real-time energy monitoring, encourage responsible electricity use, and promote environmental sustainability in Nigerian homes.