THE LOW-FODMAP DIET IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: EFFECTIVENESS, LIMITATIONS, AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS - A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain associated with defecation and changes in stool frequency and/or consistency. In recent years, the low-FODMAP diet has become one of the most commonly used dietary interventions. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the low-FODMAP diet and to identify its limitations and consistency with current guidelines. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted, including 31 publications from 2012–2026, such as original research articles, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and current clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of IBS. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Main findings: The results of the analyzed studies indicate that the low-FODMAP diet may reduce IBS symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, and intestinal discomfort. However, no clear superiority over other dietary strategies has been demonstrated. Clinical response varies and may depend on the patient’s gut microbiota. Data on the use of the low-FODMAP diet in the pediatric population and other special clinical groups are limited and do not allow definitive conclusions to be drawn. Conclusions: The low-FODMAP diet is an effective therapeutic option in selected patients with IBS; however, it should be implemented in stages, including elimination, reintroduction, and personalization phases. Supervision by a dietitian and individual adjustment of recommendations to the patient’s needs are recommended. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of the diet and predictors of clinical response.