தமிழர்களின் வாழ்வியல் முறைகளும் அவர்களின் வரலாறும் — ஒர் விரிவாக்கப்பட்ட ஆய்வு (சங்க இலக்கியச் சான்றுகள், கீழடி அகழாய்வு முடிவுகள் மற்றும் நவீன ஆய்விதழ் தரவுகளின் அடிப்படையில்)

Abstract

The antiquity and historical-civilizational development of Tamils are considered among the oldest traditional cultural heritage streams in the Indian subcontinent. This research article comprehensively examines the civilization's growth through the origin of ancient Tamils, the greatness of their historical antiquity, historical evidence, Sangam literature sources, socio-political structures, medical-scientific achievements, and modern archaeological excavation findings such as those from Keeladi. Furthermore, the ancient Tamils' nature-aligned Ainthinai (five landscapes) lifestyle, international maritime trade, irrigation techniques, virtue-based righteous governance (Sengol rule), contributions of Sangam-era female poets, and the living challenges and achievements faced by the modern Tamil diaspora are subjected to in-depth historical analysis. This article expands upon prior research by incorporating new Keeladi excavation reports published in 2019, 2023, and 2024, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating results, and updated research data published in international journals. The conclusion of this study posits that Tamil civilization is neither mere literary imagination nor mythological lore; rather, it is a scientifically validated history supported across four distinct dimensions: epigraphical, archaeological, radiocarbon dating, and literary evidence..