Analysis of factors influencing maize farmers perceived effectiveness and access to extension services in Kogi State agricultural development zone-A, Nigeria

Abstract

This study analysed the perceived effectiveness and access to agricultural extension services among maize farmers in Kogi State Agricultural Development Zone-A, Nigeria. A total of 120 respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Questionnaire was drawn based on six specific objectives and data collected was analysed with percentages, mean and binary logit regression. Findings revealed that the majority (65%) were male, married (76.7%), and had formal education (85.0%) and cooperative membership (56.7%). Mean age was (43 years), years of farming experience (15 years), household size (6), farm size (2.8 ha) and income (N850:00). Extension services received were on timely planting (83.3%), appropriate land preparation (80%), and improved maize varieties (78.3%). Multiple responses on primary sources of information revealed fellow farmers (85%) and government extension staff (76.7%). Perceived effectiveness scores were highest for the provision of technical advice (M = 2.53), improved seeds (M=2.53), and information on input sources (M=2.52), while linking farmers with credit facilities scored the lowest (M=1.98). Age (β=0.048, p<0.05), gender (β = 1.215, p < 0.05), education level (β=0.167, p<0.05), famers income (β=0.003, p<0.01) and group membership (β=1.034, p<0.05) were found to be statistically significant factors influencing access to agricultural extension services. Constraints limiting extension services access included poor road networks (M=2.53), inadequate credit facilities (M=2.48), and insufficient planting materials (M=2.43) while small farm size scored the lowest (M=2.08). The study concluded that while extension services positively influence maize farmers’ productions, systemic challenges and infrastructural deficits hinder optimal service delivery. It is recommended that government and stakeholders enhance the coverage and quality of extension services, prioritize infrastructure development, and facilitate farmers’ access to credit and inputs to strengthen maize production in the study area.