Caracterización fenotípica y morfométrica del ganado bovino criollo de doble propósito en Manabí, Ecuador

Abstract

Phenotypic and morphometric characterization is essential for the conservation and sustainable use of bovine animal genetic resources. This study aimed to characterize Creole dual-purpose cattle from the eastern region of Manabí Province, Ecuador. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 adult cows selected through convenience sampling. Phaneroptic and morphological traits, together with 16 zoometric variables, were evaluated using direct observation and standardized body measurements. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with STATISTICA 6.0. The results showed a predominance of red (28.5%) and reddish-brown (21.0%) coat colors, while black mucosal pigmentation and short hair were observed in all animals (100%). Black hooves were recorded in 89.5% of the population, and a straight head profile was present in every individual evaluated. Morphometric analysis revealed low to moderate variability for most body measurements, including height at withers (CV = 11.32%), cannon bone circumference (CV = 6.68%), and thoracic depth (CV = 7.01%), whereas live weight exhibited high variability (CV = 42.05%). Overall, the population retained a distinctive phenotypic pattern and a relatively stable morphometric structure, providing a scientific basis for conservation, selection, and genetic improvement programs for Creole cattle raised under tropical extensive production systems.