Nutritional Status and Associated Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Among School-Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Nutrition is essential for children’s growth, development, cognition, and long-term health, while undernutrition and excess weight remain concerns among school-aged children. This study evaluated nutritional status and dietary and lifestyle factors associated with poor nutritional status. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study recruited 130 children aged 6–14 years. Demographic, dietary, physical activity, and screen time data were collected using a questionnaire. Height, weight, and BMI were calculated, and the nutritional status was defined according to the BMI-for-age criteria for the age-sex groups. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 27.0, using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression. A p-value of <0.05 was established as the criterion for significance. Results: The mean age was 10.2 ± 2.1 years, and 70 (53.8%) were male. 22 (16.9%) of children were underweight, 76 (58.5%) were of normal weight, and 32 (24.6%) were overweight/obese. 72 (55.4%) reported inadequate vegetable intake, 46.9% reported excessive processed snack intake, and 76 (58.5%) reported being sufficiently active. Low physical activity (aOR 2.46; 95% CI: 1.12–5.42), processed snacks (aOR 3.18; 95% CI: 1.42–7.10), skipping breakfast (aOR 2.76; 95% CI: 1.14–6.66), intake of sugary beverages (aOR 2.41; 95% CI: 1.08–5.37), and screen time >3 hours/day (aOR 2.89; 95% CI: 1.31–6.39) were significantly associated with nutritional status and were independent predictors of poor nutritional status. Conclusion: Undernutrition and excess weight were prevalent and associated with unhealthy diet and inactive lifestyle. School- and family-based interventions should encourage healthy eating, exercise, and less screen time.