NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS FOR REDUCING DENTAL ANXIETY IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Dental anxiety is a significant clinical problem that may lead to avoidance of dental care, deterioration of oral health, and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to present current evidence on non-pharmacological methods for reducing dental anxiety in children and adults and to evaluate the effectiveness of the most commonly used interventions. A narrative review was conducted using the PubMed database. Keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) related to dental anxiety and non-pharmacological interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, music therapy, hypnosis, virtual reality, and aromatherapy, were used in the search strategy. English-language publications published between 2016 and 2026 were included, comprising randomized controlled trials, clinical study, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and narrative reviews. The findings indicate that the strongest scientific evidence supports cognitive behavioral therapy, which effectively reduces anxiety, decreases avoidance behaviors, and improves patient cooperation during dental treatment. Beneficial effects have also been reported for music therapy, hypnosis, virtual reality, and aromatherapy; however, for some of these interventions, the available evidence remains limited and findings are not always consistent. Non-pharmacological approaches may represent valuable adjuncts to the routine clinical management of dental anxiety. The choice of intervention should be tailored to the patient’s age, severity of anxiety, and individual needs.