CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE RISK FACTOR PATTERNS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION: INSIGHT FROM A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN CENTRAL JAVA

Abstract

The risk factors of developing a CTO are similar to those of coronary artery disease. This study investigates the risk factors and clinical profiles of patients with CTO. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at dr. Kariadi Central Hospital Semarang. Medical records of CTO patients who underwent coronary angiography and PCI in 2024 were analysed. A total of 98 patients were included, predominantly men (86.7%), mean age of 56.8 ± 8.7 years. Smoking was the most prevalent risk factor (60.2%), followed by hypertension (48.0%), dyslipidemia (44.9%), diabetes mellitus (33.7%) and family history of CAD (30.6%). Men had higher prevalence of smoking (p < 0.05, r = 0.358) and history of myocardial infarction (40% vs 7%, p < 0.05, r = 0.229), while women had a higher prevalence of diabetes (p < 0.05, r = -0.294). Most had three vessel diseases (57.1%). Electrocardiographic findings mostly were normal (37.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that men were significantly associated with a history of smoking (OR: 17.16; 95% CI: 2.27–129.88; p = 0.006) and a history of myocardial infarction (OR: 19.60; 95% CI: 1.24–310.77; p = 0.035). Conversely, women had a higher tendency to suffer from diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.07–0.85; p = 0.026) and dyslipidemia (OR: 0.143; 95% CI: 0.021–0.959; p = 0.045). The risk factor of CTO patients is primarily associated with smoking and prior MI in men, whereas diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were more prevalent in women.