The Effect of Spiritual Intelligence and Intellectual Intelligence on the Moderate Attitudes of High School Students in South Sumatra

Abstract

This study examined the partial and simultaneous effects of spiritual intelligence and intellectual intelligence on the moderate attitudes of students at SMAN 2 Mesuji Makmur, South Sumatra. The study employed a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design. The sample consisted of 92 students selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using a five-point Likert questionnaire measuring spiritual intelligence (X₁), intellectual intelligence (X₂), and moderate attitude (Y). The instruments met the reported validity and reliability requirements. Data analysis comprised descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, partial t-tests, a simultaneous F-test, and the coefficient of determination using IBM SPSS Statistics. The results showed that spiritual intelligence had a positive and significant effect on moderate attitudes (B = 0.539; β = 0.505; t = 7.114; p < 0.001). Intellectual intelligence also had a positive and significant effect (B = 0.552; β = 0.510; t = 7.180; p < 0.001). Simultaneously, the two predictors significantly explained variation in moderate attitudes (F = 49.771; p < 0.001). The model produced R² = 0.528 and Adjusted R² = 0.517, indicating that 51.7% of the adjusted variance in moderate attitudes was explained by the two predictors. The findings indicate that spiritual and intellectual capacities should be developed in an integrated manner rather than treated as separate educational targets. The study contributes empirical evidence from a public senior high school and offers practical implications for learning designs that combine moral reflection, critical thinking, dialogue, digital literacy, and an inclusive school culture.