Exploring the potential of chitosan-based biopolymers in advanced environmental applications: an overview

Abstract

Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, boasts a broad spectrum of industrial and environmental applications. Owing to its porosity, amino and hydroxyl groups, and other inherent characteristics, this polymer presents a promising option for various applications, particularly in the adsorption of emerging pollutants and the fabrication of bioplastics and biosensors. However, chitosan faces limitations concerning polymer swelling, low mechanical strength, and solubility. These drawbacks can be overcome by incorporating composites into the chitosan matrix, thereby enhancing the overall strength of the polymer and expanding its environmental utility. Thus, this review explores the environmental applications of chitosan, mainly in pollutant removal from air, soil, and water, its utilization in bioplastics and biosensors, as well as an exploration of supplementary materials such as diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and bentonite, which, when combined with chitosan, exhibit remarkable efficacy in environmental decontamination.