Understanding Electric Vehicle Purchase Intention for Sustainable Mobility in Indonesia using an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Model

Abstract

The deteriorating climate and environmental conditions have highlighted the need to shift into a more sustainable ecosystem, especially in the mobility sector, where electric vehicles (EVs) are widely recognized as a promising greener mobility option. This study aims to understand factors affecting electric vehicle purchase intention in Indonesia by extending the Theory of Planned Behavior with tax incentives and charging infrastructure, while positioning environmental concern as a moderating variable. Using a quantitative questionnaire approach, 300 responses were obtained. The data were examined using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results show that all direct predictors have a favorable impact on purchasing intention, with tax incentives as the strongest predictor. However, environmental concern only successfully moderates attitude and subjective norms towards purchase intentions. These findings suggest that a successful transition toward greener mobility requires both consumer and government readiness. Stronger financial support, cleaner charging infrastructure, and greater consumer awareness of EV environmental benefits may accelerate broader sustainable mobility adoption among Indonesian consumers.