Assessing the Technology–Organization–Environment Model for Building Information Modelling Acceptance among Malaysian Construction SMEs
Abstract
The construction industry is experiencing rapid digital transformation to improve project efficiency, collaboration, productivity, and sustainability. Among the emerging digital technologies, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become one of the most significant innovations for enhancing information management throughout the lifecycle of construction projects. Building Information Modelling (BIM), as one of the most impactful digital transformation technologies, has emerged in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. BIM enables joint project information management during the life cycle of construction assets to facilitate better association, cost management, scheduling, sustainability assessment, and facility management. Although there have been some remarkable initiatives taken by the government to encourage BIM implementation in Malaysia, acceptance of BIM among SMEs has been relatively lower than expected. SMEs make up the vast majority of construction companies and have an essential role to play in the construction process; thus, their poor engagement with BIM hinders the digital transformation of the overall construction industry. This paper will evaluate the suitability of the TOE model in understanding the BIM adoption by Malaysian construction SMEs. The study will propose a research methodology including a sample size of 100 CIDB-registered SMEs. The paper will use a structured questionnaire to study factor analysis, reliability test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis regarding the effect of technological, organizational, and environmental factors on BIM adoption. The results are expected to show that organizational factors influence BIM adoption the most, followed by technological and conservation factors. The study is anticipated to validate the applicability of the TOE framework in the Malaysian construction SME context and provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and technology providers seeking to accelerate BIM implementation and digital transformation within the construction industry.