Association between CYP2D6*10 and ADRB1 Polymorphisms on Metoprolol Efficacy in Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the impact of CYP2D610 and ADRB1 (1165G>C) polymorphisms on metoprolol treatment outcomes in hypertensive patients. Methodology: A total of three hundred hypertensive patients, treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University between May 2023 to May 2024, who received treatment with metoprolol, were genotyped using Taqman real-time PCR. Patients were divided into nine groups based on CYP2D610 and ADRB1 genotypes. Blood pressure, heart rate, and biochemical markers were monitored to assess metoprolol's efficacy and adverse effects. Results: Metoprolol treatment led to significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate across all genotype groups. The absolute values of SBP change and DBP change were relatively larger in groups seven, eight and nine (CYP2D6*10 homozygous mutant), and the HR Change was negative in all groups. The CYP2D6*10 homozygous mutant group (groups seven, eight and nine) had a higher incidence of adverse reactions (15%-25 %) than other groups (2%-5%). Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (Cr), and cystatin C (CysC) were comparable in all genotype groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that while metoprolol effectively reduced blood pressure and HR, the extent of the effect was influenced by CYP2D6*10 and ADRB1 (1165G>C) genetic polymorphisms.