Review on Synthesis and Biological Study of Substituted Pyrimidine

Abstract

Biological characteristics and structural adaptability, pyrimidine is a crucial nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffold that is vital in medicinal chemistry. Due to their wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, which include antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitubercular effects, substituted pyrimidines have garnered significant study interest. An overview of the main synthetic techniques used to generate substituted pyrimidine derivatives is given in this paper, with special attention paid to cyclization processes, condensation techniques, multicomponent reactions, and other contemporary synthetic approaches. Additionally covered are the effects of various substituents on the pyrimidine nucleus and how they alter physicochemical and biological characteristics. In order to comprehend the structural characteristics in charge of increased potency and selectivity, the connection between molecular structure and biological activity is also emphasized. The promise of substituted pyrimidines as promising lead compounds for drug discovery and development has been demonstrated by recent advances in their biological evaluation. The significance of effective, selective, and ecologically friendly synthetic methods is also emphasized in the review. All things considered, substituted pyrimidines constitute a useful and adaptable class of substances with substantial potential for the creation of new medicinal medicines.