Molecular Identification and Epidemiological Factor Analysis of Canine Parvovirus-2 Infection in Diarrheic Dogs of Indore, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract

Background: Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious and economically important viral disease in dogs. The present study was designed to detect CPV infection in diarrhoeic dogs, estimate its incidence and identify the circulating antigenic variant in the study area. Methods: A total of 100 fecal swab samples were collected from dogs showing clinical signs suggestive of CPV-2 infection. The samples were tested by single-step PCR and nested PCR targeting the VP2 gene. Positive PCR products were sequenced commercially and phylogenetic analysis was performed using DNASTAR and MEGA software. Statistical analysis was used to assess the association between CPV infection and different risk factors. Result: Nested PCR detected a CPV-2 incidence of 64% and was more sensitive than conventional PCR. Infection was more common in puppies below 3 months of age. Medium-sized breeds were most frequently affected and males showed higher positivity than females. The highest prevalence was observed during the rainy season, followed by winter and summer. CPV infection was also found in vaccinated dogs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the circulating virus belonged to the CPV-2b antigenic variant.