Biorremediação de solos contaminados por lixiviado de aterrossanitários: uma revisão integrativa com foco em solos brasileiros

Abstract

This study presents a systematic review on the application of bioremediation techniques in soils contaminated by landfill leachate, focusing on the Brazilian context. The research covers publications between 2010 and 2025 and analyzes five main approaches: biostimulation, bioaugmentation, phytoremediation, mycoremediation, and natural attenuation. The results reveal that biostimulation and bioaugmentation can remove up to 90% of organic compounds, while phytoremediation demonstrated over 75% efficiency in the absorption of heavy metals such as lead, chromium, and zinc. Mycoremediation stood out in reducing leachate toxicity, promoting improvements in parameters such as hydrogen ion potential(pH) and electrical conductivity. Natural attenuation proved effective in the long term, depending on local environmental factors such as geology, the presence of groundwater, and distance from the contamination epicenter. The combination of these techniques with physicochemical methods also showed promise in increasing the effectiveness of treatment in severely impacted areas. The analysis shows that there is no universally ideal technique, and it is necessary to choose the most appropriate approach according to the type of contaminant, soil characteristics, and climatic conditions. Bioremediation presents itself as a sustainable and viable alternative, especially in contexts with low infrastructure. It is concluded that the development of integrated strategies and investment in research are fundamental to overcoming the challenges and expanding the application of these technologies in the environmental management of solid waste.