Integrating nature-based solutions into urban road infrastructure: a case study of Bangkok

Abstract

As Southeast Asia rapidly urbanizes, cities face mounting challenges as both contributors to and victims of environmental degradation and climate change, making sustainable urban development an urgent priority. One promising approach to address these issues is nature-based solutions (NBS), with urban road infrastructure emerging as a key area for integration. As a major metropolitan center in the region, Bangkok exemplifies these challenges, grappling with extreme heat, flooding, air pollution, etc. This study aims to contribute to the growing body of research focused on the future of sustainability in cities by exploring the potential of integrating NBS into Bangkok’s road infrastructure to support sustainable urban development. It seeks to add to the discussion regarding strategies Southeast Asian cities can adopt to face their environmental challenges and how they can prepare for an increasingly urban future. Methodologically, this study adopts a descriptive and exploratory approach, drawing on both primary and secondary data, using field observations, semi-structured interviews, spatial mapping and desk research. The results show that Bangkok’s road infrastructure, especially wider streets and high-traffic corridors, offers significant yet largely untapped potential for NBS integration, while also underscoring the physical, socio-spatial, and institutional constraints that limit its implementation. The results aim to inform academic discussions on urban sustainability while providing key strategies for policymakers and industry professionals.