Review of Charging Station Siting and Sizing under Government Subsidies Considering Charging Demand Uncertainty

Abstract

Against the backdrop of global environmental and energy challenges, electric vehicles (EV) have emerged as a pivotal direction for transportation development owing to their low energy consumption and low pollution. However, EV adoption remains constrained by lagging infrastructure, particularly the difficulty of charging. The siting and sizing of charging stations (CS) has therefore become a critical research problem. Early studies focused on location models under deterministic charging demand; as research has deepened, scholars have begun to address demand uncertainty from perspectives including dynamic evolution, spatiotemporal uncertainty, and multi-factor variability, thereby making siting models more practically relevant. In the domain of government subsidy policy, research has affirmed the positive role of subsidies in EV markets and charging infrastructure, progressing from fiscal and tax policies that support industrial growth to in-depth examinations of subsidy forms and phases. Nevertheless, notable gaps persist: most studies rely on hypothetical scenarios, lack organic integration of siting, capacity planning, and subsidies, and inadequately account for operator interests. Future research must address these gaps to advance sustainable EV industry development and to construct an efficient and rational energy supply system for electric mobility.