MANAGEMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION FOR REDUCING THE RISK OF STROKE AND THROMBOEMBOLISM

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice and represents a major global health burden due to its association with ischemic stroke, systemic thromboembolism, heart failure, hospitalization, and increased mortality. The prevalence of AF continues to rise because of aging populations and the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Prevention of thromboembolic complications remains one of the most important goals in the management of AF. This paper reviews contemporary strategies for reducing the risk of stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, focusing on risk stratification, anticoagulation therapy, and integrated patient-centered care. Clinical evaluation using the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score allows identification of patients at increased thromboembolic risk who benefit from oral anticoagulation therapy. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are currently preferred over vitamin K antagonists in most patients because of improved safety profiles, fewer drug interactions, and reduced risk of intracranial hemorrhage. The importance of individualized therapy, bleeding risk assessment, and management of comorbidities is also emphasized. In addition, rate and rhythm control strategies, lifestyle modification, and multidisciplinary management contribute significantly to improved outcomes and quality of life. Early diagnosis and evidence-based therapeutic approaches are essential for preventing severe complications associated with AF. Contemporary guideline-directed management significantly reduces morbidity and mortality and improves long-term prognosis in patients with atrial fibrillation.