Development of Solar Pump and IoT Monitoring in Polluted Areas for Enhancing Clean Water Access

Abstract

Water plays a vital role in human life. However, access to clean water can be a challenge in rural and polluted areas, where groundwater quality is declining due to environmental pollution, followed by limited access and high costs. To address this issue, this study presents a solar-powered water-pumping system integrated with IoT power and water monitoring for access to clean water. The proposed work has several contributions. First, it builds a battery-less solar panel pump system along with procedures to minimize operating and maintenance costs. Second, it modifies the filter on a brushless DC pump to strengthen the component's resistance to small sediments. Third, it implements integrated power monitoring and water distribution to meet domestic needs, water storage, and rice field irrigation. The solar panel system has a capacity of 4400 Wp to operate a 3000 W submersible pump and to provide real-time monitoring of water quality parameters through the Blynk platform. The analysis and evaluation results show that the system can operate stably at a DC bus voltage of 367 V and successfully discharge 15 m3/hour of water, with a water tank filling time of 30 minutes. The 20-mesh polyethylene filtration system can filter out small rock sediments that could damage the impeller. The IoT devices serve as electric load monitoring and an early warning mechanism against localized pollution. The integration of battery-less solar pumps, supported by filtration systems and monitoring devices, can be a reference model to address challenges in rural or ecologically vulnerable areas.