Cardiometabolic and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease outcomes associated with tirzepatide: insights from a 1-year multicenter observational study

Abstract

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the association of long-term, continuous tirzepatide use with cardiometabolic risk parameters and estimated 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in real-world practice. Methods This multicenter retrospective observational study included 1028 adults with overweight or obesity who received weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide for at least 12 months within the Mayo Clinic Health System from June 2022 through May 2024. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk analyses included 275 individuals with complete baseline and 12-month follow-up data. Outcomes were changes in cardiometabolic parameters, estimated 10-year ASCVD risk, and ASCVD risk category. Results At 12 months, median total body weight loss (TBWL) was 12.6%. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, and alanine aminotransferase decreased by 19.5%, 16.0%, 8.5%, and 10.6%, respectively, whereas HDL-cholesterol increased by 11.3% (all P < .001). Mean 10-year ASCVD risk did not change significantly overall (mean relative change, −3.7%; P = .18), but changes differed by TBWL category (analysis of variance, P < .001). Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk decreased among individuals achieving 10% to 20% TBWL (−9.6%; P = .009) and >20% TBWL (−14.2%; P = .005), but not among those achieving <10% TBWL (+7.7%; P = .22). Low-risk prevalence increased from 38.3% to 46.4% (P < .001), with 11.7% transitioning from higher-risk categories to low risk. Main findings Continuous tirzepatide use for at least 12 months was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in cardiometabolic parameters. Reductions in estimated 10-year ASCVD risk were observed among individuals achieving at least 10% TBWL, supporting greater weight loss as an important marker of cardiovascular risk improvement.